t's been an interesting phenomenon. Professional
translators seem to loathe and fear machine translation as much as they
ever have—or, because of MT's slow but steady encroaching into
"our" territory, more than ever—but translation environment tools
[TEnTs] left and right are including machine translation components
into their workflow.
Whether it's SDL Trados, Wordfast, Lingotek,
Across, memoQ, Alchemy Publisher, MetaTexis,
MultiTrans, (naturally) Google Translator Toolkit,
or even the made-by-translators-for-translators open-source tool OmegaT,
they all use machine translation, all with connectors to Google
Translate, some with additional connectors to other engines, and
some even with customizable machine translation engines.
The key to success seems to be
whether the kind of data the machine translation engine was trained
with matches the kind of data that is currently being translated.
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As a translator and someone who readily embraces translation
technology—if it's useful—I have no problem seeing the
benefits (and, if the client asks for it, necessities) of using
customized machine translation. But the generic Google Translate
or Bing Translator? Though I have seen some benefits in my own
language combination (EN>DE) in very specific texts (such as short
software strings), I have not seen much benefit in other work.
So I asked the readers of my newsletter
whether this integration of machine translation is just a cheap ploy by
tool makers to score easy points or a real feature improvement.
Here is a sampling of the responses. It would be great
if these could serve as a starting point for more discussion
or—even better—a more comprehensive understanding of how
machine translation at this point (summer of 2010) affects our
professional work environments:
Marinus Vesseur's comments started some of the
discussion. Here is what he had to say:
I've been using [Google Translate] in [Trados]
Studio and it helps me a lot, specifically for
English into Dutch and specifically when the subject matter is not my
specialization, which is unavoidable sometimes. It's like someone
giving you his take on the matter, a different way of saying it, which
I find very helpful at times. Plus it usually comes up with the proper
legal vocabulary that I just don't master, but sometimes need. Must be
careful not to lean on it too much, but that's why it can be switched
on and off on demand. It keeps making grave errors as well, of course,
and I'm kinda glad it does.
Here was a direct response to Marius' view by Robert
Morin:
My view is exactly the opposite of that of Marinus
Vesser. I will accept some MT material as an aid to my translation
project ONLY IF the subject matter of the text at hand is one that I am
very experienced with, so I can stand back and look objectively at the
preliminary translation provided by the MT tool. But the other way
around, i.e., using MT as an aid for a subject matter which is new to
me would be like walking blindfold in a marsh full of quicksand . . .
very risky!
And following are other translators' views.
Mette Melchior:
I have only recently started to experiment with MT and
often find it more disturbing than helpful, but recently I have had the
very dubious pleasure of revising translations that were obviously
based on machine translation (which some random checks with Google
Translate proved). In these cases some of the automatic
translations had been slightly edited by the translator, but it was
still clear that the translations were based on machine translation and
they contained many errors both in terms of terminology errors,
syntactic errors, and a generally poor and stilted style.
While I think MT integration in TEnTs is a good idea, I
fear we will see many more of such machine-based translations of poor
quality. Personally, I am not against the use of MT, but I think much
more importance should be given to the skills needed for post-editing
(and good editing and writing skills in general). Without the proper
editing skills and a well-developed awareness of the grammatical,
syntactic, and stylistic features that characterize both the source and
target language, I think MT can be a "dangerous friend."
Julio A. Juncal:
I have been using machine translation in conjunction
with Wordfast for some time. For a while, I have used the Pan
American Health Organization's MTS (Machine Translation System), which,
depending on the nature of the text, produces quite acceptable
English-to-Spanish translation copy. This dongle-protected system works
well and can be fine-tuned to the type of document you are going to
work on (financial, reports, etc.). One feature of MTS is its ability
to render English reported speech into the historical present tense in
Spanish, a feature that comes in extremely handy when translating
summary records.
More recently, I have been using Google Translate
via the Google Translate Client,
also under Wordfast. Since I translate a lot of United Nations
(or similar) documents (English and French into Spanish), GT
works well because it uses a very large corpus of United Nations
documents. Again, translation quality depends on the nature of the
text. But in general, GT is very useful because it saves you a
lot of keyboarding.
Paul Lebartz:
I cannot speak for language pairs other than EN>FR,
but I suspect from the various posts I see on various mailing lists
that it is often similar for many pairs. While the results of the
different MT systems (e.g., Google, ProMT, Microsoft)
are far from perfect, they are good enough in many cases that they do
not require much editing to be used. It speeds up the translation
considerably.
To be honest, I'm surprised that someone like you, much
closer to various translation technologies than most, has apparently
not been able so far to see the advantages provided by MT. In my
opinion, a tool without MT capability is not "refreshing"—it's a
tool with little future.
I would encourage you to start taking advantage of MT as
fast as you can, because sooner or later the translation customers are
going to want to take advantage of the increase in productivity we are
getting from CAT tools integrating MT. The work of translating has
changed, at least for many of us, and for better or worse it now
includes the need for some post-editing skills. :)
Steven Marzuola:
Much of my work is rather specialized and technical: oil
and gas documents from Latin America. Online MT is rarely helpful due
to the specialized vocabulary.
However, a few weeks ago it was a different story. I was
preparing for an interpreting assignment at a conference on corporate
tax accounting and finances by studying advance copies of the speakers'
presentations. When I came across an unknown term, I would look it up
on Google. For most of them, I was able to find trustworthy
translations very quickly (usually confirmed by searching for the
Spanish term on its own).
The reason, I think, was the subject matter. Google
has evidently accumulated a large corpus of texts that are relevant to
this subject.
A few days later I was working on a finance and
tax-related document, probably from Colombia. My TM program (good old Déjà
Vu 3.0) does not have a built-in MT feature, so I used the Google
Translate Client.
It is definitely not my first option: I only called on
it when there was no good fuzzy match and the results from Assemble
were unsatisfactory. But it almost always gave me something useful. I
also used it the next week on a similar job into Spanish. Not only for
the terminology; I find it's very helpful in getting a better idea on
how to organize a sentence that is closer to regular Spanish word order
and farther from English.
And lastly, here is the perspective of a client that
uses its own MT implementation:
In a typical localization setup there are obvious data
sensitivity issues with Google Translate or similar services.
If we have NDAs in place with our vendors it's for a reason, and not
compatible with sending our *source* content over the Internet, without
encryption, to a company who can store, process, and distribute that
data at will.
My impression is that the quality of Google Translate
in particular is generally very good—at least for the European
languages I am familiar with—and I cannot see how it would not
benefit translators when there is no alternative. Such an alternative
can, of course, be MT engines trained specifically for the content
being translated, as is our case here at [the client]. Such engines
exceed the level of quality of Google for in-domain text (but
are likely to be inferior for generic or out-of-domain text).
In general, the statistical approach used by Google and
others generally ensures that context is respected (...) But an issue
with Google Translate is that only Google has control over it.
So this may work well for one language but not another, and it may work
well today but not tomorrow. Because of the generic nature of Google
and similar engines, one company's product name may well end up being
translated with another company's product (remember
the noise around Google translating "Heath Ledger" into "Tom Cruise" a
couple of years ago?) This could be pretty dangerous, and another
type of problem you are unlikely to run into in traditional translation
processes. Again, working with stable engines trained for a specific
type of content helps rule this out.
So, to summarize, while there are clearly disagreements
within this small sample of translators who in certain situations
integrate machine translation into their workflow, the key to success
seems to be whether the kind of data the machine translation engine was
trained with matches the kind of data that is currently being
translated.
In fact, in some cases it might work as a gigantic
translation memory, as in this
rather misleading example where the New York Times "tested" the
MT prowess of Google Translate vs. others and GT
essentially just used what it had in its memory from the many previous
translations of Le Petit Prince it had captured:
Good news? Bad news? I'm not sure. But it looks like
news that we will have to continue to deal with.
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